🔄Conjugation & Voice
Giving & Receiving (授受表現)
i
Definition:
Verbs expressing giving and receiving with social directionality: あげる(give out)、くれる(give in)、もらう(receive)。Reflect social relationships and in-group/out-group dynamics.
r
Connection Rules:
あげる: speaker gives to others (私はあなたに本をあげる)。くれる: others give to speaker (あなたは私に本をくれる)。もらう: speaker receives (私はあなたに本をもらう)。Direction relative to speaker is key
e
Example:
友達に本をあげた。
I gave a book to a friend.
先生がプレゼントをくれた。
The teacher gave me a present.
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Confusion Points:
Polite forms: 差し上げる(humble give)、くださる(honorific give)、いただく(humble receive)。AI must track speaker perspective and social hierarchy. In-group/out-group distinction affects verb choice
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AI Tags
GIVING_RECEIVINGAGeruKURERUMORAUSASIAGERUKUDASARUITADAKUSPEAKER_PERSPECTIVEIN_GROUP_OUT_GROUPSOCIAL_HIERARCHY