โฐ์‹œ์ œ

๋ณ€์„

ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์‹œ์ œ ๋น„๊ต โ€” ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ?

๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ œ
i

๋ณ€์„

ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์‹œ์ œ ๋น„๊ต โ€” ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ?

c

๋ณ€์„

1

ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ vs ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰

ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์ดˆ์ ; ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰์€ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ดˆ์ .

I have read that book. (Result: I know the content now.)

๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค. (๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.)

I have been reading that book. (Process: I am still reading it.)

๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. (๊ณผ์ •: ์•„์ง ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.)

She has lived here for ten years. (Focus on the fact of living here.)

๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 10๋…„ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค. (์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์ดˆ์ )

She has been living here for ten years. (Focus on the duration and continuity.)

๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 10๋…„์งธ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. (์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ดˆ์ )

How long have you known him? (NOT: have you been knowing โ€” "know" is a stative verb.)

๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? (have been knowing ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ โ€” know๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋™์‚ฌ)

2

๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ˆœ vs ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ

๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ˆœ์€ ๋๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ; ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ.

I lived in London in 2019. (Finished time โ€” "in 2019" is over.)

2019๋…„์— ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค. (๋๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ โ€” "2019๋…„"์€ ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.)

I have lived in London since 2019. (Unfinished time โ€” still living there.)

2019๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. (๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ โ€” ์•„์ง ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.)

Did you see the movie? (Asking about a specific past occasion.)

๊ทธ ์˜ํ™” ๋ดค์–ด? (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค.)

Have you seen the movie? (Asking about your experience up to now.)

๊ทธ ์˜ํ™” ๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์–ด? (์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค.)

Shakespeare wrote many plays. (He is dead โ€” his career is finished.)

์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํฌ๊ณก์„ ์ผ๋‹ค. (๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค โ€” ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.)

3

๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ˆœ vs ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰

๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ˆœ์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋™์ž‘; ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋™์ž‘ (์ž์ฃผ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋จ).

I was reading when the phone rang. (Reading was in progress; ringing interrupted it.)

์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. (์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘; ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œํ‚ด.)

She walked to school yesterday. (Completed action โ€” just stating a fact.)

๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค. (์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋™์ž‘ โ€” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋งŒ ์ง„์ˆ .)

While I was cooking, he was watching TV. (Two parallel ongoing actions.)

๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Š” TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. (๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋™์ž‘.)