๐ŸŽฏ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์‘์šฉ๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ทœ์น™

ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ

๋„์น˜, ๋ถ„์—ด๋ฌธ, ๊ฐ•์กฐ do, There be ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ, ์–‘ํƒœ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ, ์ƒ๋žต๋ฌธ

๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์‘์šฉ๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ทœ์น™
i

ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋ž€?

ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์€ ์ •์ƒ ์–ด์ˆœ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ, ์ดˆ์ , ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํŒจํ„ด์ด๋‹ค. ๋„์น˜, ๋ถ„์—ด๋ฌธ, ๊ฐ•์กฐ "do", There be ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ, ์–‘ํƒœ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์™€ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์„œ์ˆ ์–ด, ์ƒ๋žต๋ฌธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.

c

ํ”ํ•œ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ

1

๋„์น˜

๊ฐ•์กฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ถ€์ •/์ œํ•œ์–ด ํ›„์— ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค. ์™„์ „ ๋„์น˜(๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด ์•ž) ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋„์น˜(์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด ์•ž).

Never have I seen such beauty.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค.

Hardly had she arrived when it started to rain.

๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Never before had the monkeys seen such a magnificent palace inside the mountain.

์›์ˆญ์ด๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ ์†์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žฅ์—„ํ•œ ๊ถ์ „์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.

From novel
2

๋ถ„์—ด๋ฌธ

๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ˜๋‹ค. "It is/was + ๊ฐ•์กฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ + that/who + ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€." ํŠน์ • ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

It was John who broke the window.

์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๊นฌ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3

๊ฐ•์กฐ "do"

๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜• ์•ž์— "do/does/did"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

I do like this song!

์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„!

4

There be ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ

"There + be + ๋ช…์‚ฌ"๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋’ค์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

There is a book on the table.

ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„์— ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

There are three cats in the garden.

์ •์›์— ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ์„ธ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

5

์–‘ํƒœ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์™€ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์„œ์ˆ ์–ด

ํŠน์ • ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋’ค์— ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•(to ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ)์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ • ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ: cannot/could not help but do, would rather do than do, had better do, do nothing but do. ํ•™์ˆ  ์šฉ์–ด: ๋ฐ˜์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์„œ์ˆ ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ. โš ๏ธ ์ฃผ์˜: cannot help doing์€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉฐ "๋น„์ •ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ตฌ๋ฌธโ†’๊ณ ์ • ์—ฐ์–ด"์— ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

I could not help but laugh at the joke.

๋†๋‹ด์— ์›ƒ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.

cannot/could not help but + ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜• = ~ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ชป ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋‹ค

She would rather stay at home than go out.

๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์™ธ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽธ์ด ๋‚ซ๋‹ค.

would rather + ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜• + than + ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜• = Bํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค Aํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์ด ๋‚ซ๋‹ค

You had better tell her the truth.

๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์ด ๋‚ซ๋‹ค.

had better + ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜• = ~ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์ด ๋‚ซ๋‹ค (should๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•ํ•จ, ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•”์‹œ)

He did nothing but complain all day.

๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๋ถˆํ‰๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

do nothing but + ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜• = ~ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋‹ค

6

์ƒ๋žต๋ฌธ

๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ”ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๋ฌธ(์„œ์ˆ ์–ด ์ƒ๋žต), ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ(๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ+be๋™์‚ฌ ์ƒ๋žต), ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ(์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ƒ๋žต)์—์„œ ํ”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

He likes apples, and I bananas.

๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.๏ผˆlike ์ƒ๋žต๏ผ‰

์ค‘๋ฌธ ์ƒ๋žต: ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์„œ์ˆ ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ƒ๋žต

The man standing there is my father.

๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๋‚ด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ค.๏ผˆwho is ์ƒ๋žต๏ผ‰

๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ ์ƒ๋žต: ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์•ž์—์„œ "๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ+be" ์ƒ๋žต

She is taller than I.

๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค.๏ผˆam ์ƒ๋žต๏ผ‰

๋น„๊ต ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ ์ƒ๋žต: ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ƒ๋žต