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Present Simple

Beginner

Habits, general truths, and regular actions. Form: V/V-s (3rd person singular).

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Present Continuous

Beginner

Actions happening right now or temporary situations. Form: am/is/are + V-ing.

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Present Perfect

Intermediate

Past action with present relevance, or experience. Form: have/has + V3 (past participle).

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Present Perfect Continuous

Intermediate

Action that started in the past and is still continuing. Form: have/has been + V-ing.

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Past Simple

Beginner

Completed actions in the past. Form: V2 (past tense) / did + not + V.

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Past Continuous

Intermediate

Action in progress at a specific time in the past. Form: was/were + V-ing.

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Past Perfect

Intermediate

Action completed before another past action. Form: had + V3.

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Past Perfect Continuous

Advanced

Action that had been continuing up to a point in the past. Form: had been + V-ing.

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Future Simple

Beginner

Future predictions, spontaneous decisions, promises. Form: will + V.

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Future Continuous

Intermediate

Action in progress at a future time. Form: will be + V-ing.

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Future Perfect

Advanced

Action that will be completed before a future time. Form: will have + V3.

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Future Perfect Continuous

Advanced

Action continuing up to a future point, emphasizing duration. Form: will have been + V-ing.

Tenses

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Comparisons

Common Confusions